Study of Biochemical Profile in Newly Diagnosed Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma in North Indian populations- A Tertiary Care Centre Study

Background: Globally 憃ral cancer� is the sixth most common cause of cancer-related death. Oral cancer accounts for approximately 30-40% of all cancers in India. The present study was conducted to assess biochemical parameters in newly diagnosed oral cancer. Methods: The present study was conducted to assess biochemical parameters in newly diagnosed oral squamous cell carcinoma. The study was conducted at GSVM Medical College, Kanpur among 196 newly diagnosed patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma and 196 healthy individuals. Serum samples from the participants were collected. The data were expressed as mean盨D. Values of p<0.001 were considered significant. Results: The present study was conducted to assess biochemical parameters in newly diagnosed oral cancer. The study was conducted at GSVM Medical College, Kanpur among 196 newly diagnosed patients with oral cancer and 196 healthy individuals. The levels of Random Blood Sugar, Serum Total Bilirubin, Direct Bilirubin, Indirect Bilirubin, Glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase (SGOT), glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), Serum Protein, Serum Albumin, Serum Creatinine, Serum Sodium, Serum Potassium were increased in cases as compared to controls. The p-value was non-significant for all the biochemical parameters. Conclusion: The present study concluded that the levels of Random Blood Sugar, Serum Total Bilirubin, Direct Bilirubin, Indirect Bilirubin, SGOT, SGPT, Serum Protein, Serum Albumin, Serum Creatinine, Serum Sodium, Serum Potassium were increased in cases as compared to healthy controls.

Experimental carcinogenesis with 7, 12-dimethylbenz(a)anthrazene (DMBA) and its inhibition with isothi-ocyanates / Carcinogénesis experimental con 7, 12-dimetilbenzantraceno (DMBA) y su inhibición con isitiocianatos

Introduction: DMBA is a chemical carcinogen that induces carcinomas within a few weeks of its application. We developed an experimental model of carcinogenesis induced by DMBA dissolved in 0,5% paraffin oil (DMBA-PO), verifying the inhibitory effect of the carcinogenicity of phenyl isothiocyanate (PhITC), phenethyl (PhnITC) and benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC). Material and Methods: For this, 88 hamsters were distributed into three groups: one exposed to DMBA-PO (Group 1, n=12), three subgroups (n=12) exposed to PhITC, PhnITC, BITC and DMBA-PO (Group 2, n=36) and four control subgroups (n=10) that were not exposed to the carcinogen in which PO (paraffin oil) and isothiocyanates were applied (Group 3, n=40). Results: The experiment had a duration of 20 weeks, at the end of which the inhibitory effect was established by comparing the lesions developed in the groups that received isothiocyanates with the group that was only treated with DMBA-PO. The carcinogenic effect of DMBA-PO is 100% (35 carcinomas) and the inhibitory effect was 0, whereas in the presence of isothiocyanates the carcinogenic effect decreases, with an inhibitory effect of 86% for BITC (5 carcinomas) and 74% for PhITC (9 carcinomas). Conclusion: The inhibitory effect for PhnITC is 80% in relation to invasive OSCC (1 carcinoma).

Introducción: El DMBA es un carcinógeno químico que induce carcinomas a las pocas semanas de su aplicación. Desarrollamos un modelo experimental de carcinogénesis inducida por DMBA disuelto en aceite de parafina al 0,5% (DMBA-Ap) comprobando el efecto inhibidor de la carcinogénesis de los isotiocianatos fenil (PhITC), fenetil (PhnITC) y bencil isotiocianato (BITC). Material y Métodos: Para ello, se distribuyeron 88 hámsteres en 3 grupos: uno expuesto al DMBA-Ap (Grupo 1, n=12), tres subgrupos (n=12) expuestos a PhITC, PhnITC, BITC y DMBA-Ap (Grupo 2, n=36) y cuatro subgrupos controles (n=10), no expuestos al carcinógeno en el que se aplicaron Ap e isotiocianatos (Grupo 3, n=40). Resultados:El experimento tuvo una duración de 20 semanas, al final de la cual se establece de forma comparativa el efecto inhibidor comparando las lesiones desarrolladas en los grupos que recibieron isotiocianatos con respecto al grupo tratado sólo con DMBA-Ap. El efecto carcinógeno del DMBA-Ap es del 100% (35 carcinomas) y el efecto inhibidor 0, mientras que en presencia de isotiocianatos el efecto carcinógeno disminuye, con un efecto inhibidor del 86% para BITC (5 carcinomas) y del 74% para el PhITC (9 carcinomas). Conclusión:El efecto inhibidor del PhnITC es del 80% en relación con el COCE invasivo (1 carcinoma).

Gene Expression of GSK3, TGF ?-1 and PI3 Kinase in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma – A Real Time PCR Based Approach

Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most predominant type of oral cancer which has a poor prognosis, with 5-year survival rates less than 50%. Clinical characteristics such as tumor position, TNM classification and method of treat- ment, as well as histological grades have all been studied as OSCC prognostic factors but evaluating the genetic expression is the evolving trend in early diagnosis. Aim: To compare the gene expression of TGF-?-1, GSK3, Pi3 kinase in OSCC and normal tissue samples and to correlate the expression levels of these molecules with the pathological grading and survival in OSCC patients. Also to understand the role of GSK3 in Pi3 kinase pathway and TGF-? signaling pathway in OSCC progression thereby attempting targeted therapy in OSCC patients. Materials and Methods: 10 OSCC samples as well as normal healthy samples were collected and RNA isolation was done us- ing RNA easy kit from Qiagen (Valencia, CA), and thensubjected to cDNA synthesis using Human TGF-?1, Human GSK3? and Human Pi3 kinase primers. Real time PCR was performed using gene specific primers at 40 cycles. The results were retrieved, tabulated and analyzed. Results: The current research results revealed that there were up regulation of mRNA expression in GSK3, TGF ?-1 and Pi3 kinase in OSCC patients than in healthy individuals. On comparison, Pi3 kinase showed highest mRNA expression levels than GSK3 and TGF ?-1. Conclusion: The expression of GSK3 and its role in activation of Pi3 kinase pathway plays a crucial role in progression of oral cancer and targeting GSK3?could be a novel and targeted approach for treating OSCC.

Advances of Non-coding RNA in Oral Cancer / 肿瘤防治研究

Oral cancer is a common head and neck malignant tumor. Its molecular mechanism of pathogenesis is complex and needs further exploration. Non-coding RNAs account for more than 95% of human transcripts and include microRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs. They are an important entry point for research on molecular mechanism of oral cancer. Non-coding RNAs and protein-coding genes constitute a complex regulatory system involved in the regulation of physiological and pathological processes. This review summarizes articles about oral cancer-related non-coding RNAs and presents valuable information from the perspectives of microRNA, lncRNA, and circRNA.

Expression of miR-126 in oral squamous cell carcinoma tissues and its clinical significance / 中国肿瘤生物治疗杂志

@#[Abstract] Objective: To detect the expression of miR-126 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and to analyze its correlation with clinicopathological features and prognosis of patients, as well as to explore the effect of miR-126 over-expression on the malignant biological behaviors of Tca8113 cells. Methods: A total of 62 pairs of cancer and para-cancerous tissue specimens from OSCC patients who were surgically treated in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from June 2016 to June 2018 were collected for this study; in addition, human tongue squamous carcinoma Tca8113 cell line and human mouth keratinocyte HOK cell line were also selected for this study. The expression of miR-126 in cancer tissues and cells was detected by qPCR, and the relationship between miR-126 expression and clinicopathological features and prognosis of the patients was analyzed. miR-126 mimics and miR-NC plasmids were respectively transfected into Tca8113 cells by liposome transfection technology. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion were detected by MTT method, Flow cytometry and Transwell chamber method, respectively; and the expressions of apoptosis, migration and invasion related proteins were detected by Western blotting. Results: The expression level of miR-126 in OSCC tissues and Tca8113 cells was significantly lower than that in para-cancerous tissues and HOK cells (all P<0.01). The expression of miR-126 was associated with TNM stage and lymph node metastasis (all P<0.05), and patients with high miR-126 expression had significantly better overall survival rate than patients with low expression (P<0.05). After transfection with miR-126 mimics, the cell proliferation, migration and invasion ability significantly decreased (P<0.05 or P<0.01) while the apoptosis rate significantly increased in Tca8113 cells (P<0.01), the expression levels of Bcl-2, N-cadherin and vimentin in Tca8113 cells significantly decreased (all P<0.01), and expression levels of Bax and E-cadherin significantly increased (all P<0.01). Conclusion: miR-126 is low expressed in OSCC tissues and Tca8113 cells. Up-regulation of miR-126 inhibits cell proliferation, migration and invasion and promotes apoptosis of Tca8113 cells.

Immunohistochemistry analysis of checkpoint kinase 2 in oral squamous cell carcinoma

Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most frequently occurring malignant tumor of the head and neck region. Chk2 (Checkpoint kinase 2) is considered a tumor suppressor gene that acts on the cellular response to DNA damage. However, the role of Chk2 in OSCC prognosis is not yet fully understood. The objective of this study was to evaluate Chk2 immunoexpression in OSCC and to elucidate the association between its expression and clinicopathological parameters of prognostic importance, including overall survival, disease-free survival, and metastasis-free survival. Methods: Chk2 expression was analyzed in 101 samples from patients with OSCC using immunohistochemistry. We stratified the patients into high expression (> 66% of cells positive for Chk2) and low expression (< 66%) groups. Results: Chk2 showed high expression in 57.43% of OSCC. In our study, the expression of Chk2 did not correlate with any of the prognostic parameters evaluated. There was no difference between overall survival, metastasis-free survival, and disease-free survival according to Chk2 expression. Conclusion: Despite the great importance of Chk2 in the development of different types of cancer, our findings do not favor Chk2 as a prognostic marker in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Serum Fucosylation Changes in Oral Cancer and Potentially Malignant Disorders

Background: Cellular glycosylation changes are associatedwith different types of neoplastic transformation. Fucose is adeoxyhexose sugar that the body requires for optimal functionsof cell to cell communications and which plays a role in severalbiological events. Fucose has been considered to play asignificant role in cancer and its spread. Alpha L Fucosidase(ALF) is an exoglycosidase involved in the hydrolyticdegradation of fucose containing components of glycoproteins,glycolipids and oligosaccharides. The significance of thisenzyme in human catabolism is implied by geneticneurovisceral storage disease. Altered levels of ALF has beenreported in the plasma/serum of patients with oral cancer.Aims: To investigate the clinical usefulness of serum fucoseand α-L-fucosidase in diagnosing oral pre-cancer and cancerand study the variations of the levels of both metabolites innormal, precancerous and cancerous conditions (Squamouscell carcinoma).Methodology: The study group comprised of 87 samples of(age range: 20-70 years): control samples – healthy individualswithout any systemic illness (n =20), clinically andhistopathologically diagnosed cases of leukoplakia (n=16) andoral submucous fibrosis (n=16) and oral squamous cellcarcinoma (n=35) respectively. 2ml blood was collected byvenipuncture from every subject after informed consent, serumwas separated and checked for fucose and fucosidase byspectrophotometric analysis.Results: The Normal value range of fucose is 8.3 to 9.5 mg/ dland that of fucosidase is 22.8 ± 7.1 U/L. There is an increasein the value range of fucose and fucosidase in the tissues ofpotentially malignant disorders and Squamous cell Carcinoma.

A Clinical and Preliminary Study for Anti-angiogenesis Therapy: Endostatin, VEGF and Microvessel Density in the OSCC in Different Stages and Differentiations

Aims: This study was to analyze the association among ES, VEGF,Microvessel Density (MVD),clinicopathologic characteristics, angiogenesis and prognosis of OSCC. Methods: Eight normal samples of oral epithelia and 52 Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) samples were analyzed by immunohistochemical evaluation to study the expression and significance of Endostatin (ES) and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) during the development of OSCC. Results: Statisticallysignificant differences were found as p<0.05 between VEGF expressions and clinicopathologic stages of OSCC and as p<0.01 between VEGF expressions and lymph node metastases of OSCC. And Statisticallysignificant discrepancy was also found as p<0.05 between MVD and differentiation degrees and lymphnode metastases of OSCC, as well asp<0.01 between VEGF expressions andMVD. Additionally MVD increased gradually in accordance with the progression of the Cancer. While there was no obvious correlation between ES and VEGF, ES and MVD, as well as between ES and the development of OSCC. Conclusion:By MVD etal evaluation,VEGF is one of the major angiogenesis factors for angiogenesis and lymphonodemetastasis of oral carcinomas, as an important indicator for the development and malignancy of OSCC,while ES is of significance for anti-angiogenesis in tumor therapy

Effects of vitamin C on reversing cisplatin resistance in oral squamous cell carcinoma / 中国肿瘤生物治疗杂志

@#Objective: To study the effects of vitamin C (VC) on reversing cisplatin (DDP) resistance in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and the mechanism. Methods: Human OSCC CAL27 cells were cultured in vitro and DDP-resistant CAL27 cell line (CAL27/ DDP) was screened by increasing concentration gradient method. Plate clone formation assay, CCK-8, Wound healing assay, Annexin V-FITC/PI staining flow cytometry were used to determine the effects of DDP alone or in combination with VC on colony formation, proliferation, migration and apoptosis of CAL27/DDP cells. Western blotting was used to detect the expression level of P-gp protein in CAL27 cells, CAL27/DDP cells and VC treated CAL27/DDP cells. Results: The inhibition concentration (IC50) of DDP increased significantly in CAL27/DDP cells as compared with that in CAL27 cells (P<0.05), indicating CAL27/DDP was DDP-resistant.After the combination with VC, the IC50 of DDP on CAL27/DDP cells was significantly reduced compared with that of DDP alone (P<0.05). DDP combined with VC significantly inhibited the migration of CAL27/DDP cells (P<0.01), and promoted the apoptosis rate (P<0.01). The expression level of P-gp protein in CAL27/DDP cells was increased compared with that in CAL27 cells (P<0.05), but decreased after VC intervention (P<0.05). Conclusion: VC can reverse DDP-resistance in OSCC cells by inhibiting P-gp protein expression.

The expression and biological function of SOX12 in oralsquamous cell carcinoma by bioinformatics analysis / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

Objective: To investigate the expression of transcription factor SOX12 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) by bioinformatics analysis and to clarify the connection between expression of SOX12 and clinicopathological features of OSCC, so as to elucidate the early diagnosis and prognostic significance of OSCC by SOX12. Methods:This study used the GEPIA database in conjunction with the TCGA database to analyze the expression level of SOX12 in OSCC tissues and then verify it by qRT-PCR in vitro. The LinkedOmics database was used to describe the correlation between SOX12 expression and clinical pathological parameters of OSCC and its impact on prognosis. The location of SOX12 in signal transduction and its upstream and downstream genes related to it were analyzed by the String-DB database. Results: SOX12 was highly expressed in OSCC and positively correlated with OSCC pathological grade, T stage, and N stage. The results of TCGA showed that high SOX12 mRNA expression was associated with overall survival in OSCC. The proteins interacting with SOX12 included POU3F1, POU3F2, POU3F3, MYT1L, and NRSN2, which were mainly involved in the differentiation and development of neurons. Conclusion: The TCGA database analysis found that SOX12 is highly expressed in OSCC and is associated with multiple pathological indicators of OSCC.

Knockdown of circ_0001273 inhibits the proliferation, migration and invasion of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@#To explore the effect of circ_0001273 on the proliferation, migration and invasion of oral squamous cell carcinoma（OSCC） cells and to provide a relevant research basis for the use of targeted therapy in OSCC. @*Methods@#Data from twelve patients with a clinical diagnosis of OSCC were collected from tumor specimens and adjacent tissues. qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression levels of circ_0001273, circ_0018569, circ_0027152, and circ_0001273 which had the highest difference in expression in cancer and adjacent tissues was selected. siRNA was used for the knockdown of circ_0001273 in two types of OSCC cell lines, UM1 and CAL27, and the effects on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of UM1 and CAL27 cells were measured by MTS and Transwell experiments, respectively. @*Results@#The expression of circ_0001273 was abnormally increased in the 12 OSCC tissues (P < 0.05). After knocking down circ_0001273 in UM1 and CAL27 cells, the proliferation, migration and invasion abilities of UM1 and CAL27 cells were significantly reduced (P < 0.05).@*Conclusion@#The knockdown of circ_0001273 can inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion of OSCC cells.

Invasive tumor front in oral squamous cell carcinoma: an independent prognostic factor

Background:Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the most aggressive and invasive cancer types. Squamous cell carcinomas of the oral cavity are among the ten most common cancers in the world, and accounts for almost 3-5% of all malignancies. The invasive edges of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas often display different morphological and molecular characteristics than more superficial parts of the same tumor. Methods:In our 2 year retrospective study, carried at a tertiary care centre of north India, main aim was to evaluate the prognostic significance of several parameters of the modified Bryne’s grading system along with probability of survival in OSCC patients.Results:Out of 60 cases 40 were males and 20 were females. Tumor differentiation was assessed which showed that 90% of the tumors were well differentiated, 6.6% of the tumors were moderately differentiated and 3.4% of the tumors were poorly differentiated. The predominant POI in the primary OSCC was pattern 2 (63.4% in 38 cases) followed by pattern 3, pattern 1and pattern 4 (28.4% in17 cases, 6.6% in 4 cases and 1.6% in 1 case) respectively.Conclusions:Distributing all the cases according to the Bryne’s prognostic groups we found that 13 (21.7%) cases belonged to group with a score of <9, and 47 cases (78.3%) had a score of >9.The 5-year tumour-specificsurvival in OSCC patients with invasive front score of <9 was 95% compared to 46.25% in patients with high invasive front score >9.

lncRNA XIST/miR-34a-5p/SIRT6 axis regulates proliferation and metastasis of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells / 中国肿瘤生物治疗杂志

@# Objective: To investigate the molecular mechanisms of lncRNA XIST/miR-34a-5p/SIRT6 axis regulating the proliferation and metastasis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells. Methods: Specimens of tumor tissues and paracancer tissues of 47 patients with OSCC, who visited the Qingdao Stomatological Hospital from March 2013 to March 2018, were enrolled in this study. qPCR was performed to measure the mRNA expressions of lncRNA XIST, miR-34a-5p and SIRT6 in OSCC tissues and cell lines. WB was performed to measure the protein levels of SIRT6, Ki67, pcDNA, cleaved-caspase3, cleaved-caspase8, E-cadherin and vimentin in OSCC tissues and cell lines. CCK-8 assay was performed to observe the effect of lncRNA XIST knockdown on proliferation of Cal-27 and Tca-8113 cells; Tanswell assay was performed to detect migration and invasion of Cal-27 and Tca-8113 cells; flow cytometry was performed to detect the apoptosis of Cal-27 and Tca-8113 cells; and dual luciferase reporter assay was performed to verify the relationship between lncRNAXIST and miR-34a, or miR-34a and SIRT6. Results: Expressions of lncRNAXIST and SIRT6 were up-regulated in OSCC tissues and cell lines (all P<0.05), reversely, miR-34a-5p was down-regulated in OSCC tissues and cell lines (P<0.01). lncRNA XIST knockdown significantly suppressed OSCC cells proliferation, migration and invasion, and induced apoptosis of OSCC cells (all P<0.01); however, simultaneous transfection with miR-34a-5p inhibitor or pcDNA-SIRT6 vector exerted opposite effect. lncRNA XIST knockdown significantly increased cell proliferation and metastasis related protein expression in OSCC cells (all P< 0.01), and simultaneous transfection with miR-34a-5p inhibitor or pcDNA-SIRT6 vector exerted opposite effect. In addition, lncRNA XIST directly targeted miR-34a-5p, and miR-34a-5p targeted SIRT6, lncRNA XIST upregulated SIRT6 expression via inhibiting miR34a-5p (P<0.01). Conclusion: Taken together, lncRNA XIST/miR-34a-5p/SIRT6 axis regulates the proliferation and metastasis of OSCC cells and provides potential therapeutic targets for OSCC.

Expression and potential role of ajuba LIM protein in oral squamous cell carcinoma / 中国肿瘤临床

Objective: To assess the expression of ajuba LIM protein (AJUBA) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and to determine its role in cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in OSCC. Methods: The expression of AJUBA at mRNA and protein levels in OSCC was determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and immunohistochemical approaches, respectively. This was fol-lowed by analysis of the correlations between AJUBA levels and clinicopathological features of OSCC. The effects of AJUBA on cell pro-liferation, migration, and invasion in OSCC were assessed by MTT, wound healing, and transwell migration assays, respectively. West-ern blot assays were performed to check for the potential regulation of the Snail/E-cadherin pathway by AJUBA. Results: The expres-sion of AJUBA was significantly higher in OSCC tissues compared to that in adjacent normal tissues and correlated with T stage, cell dif-ferentiation, lymph node metastasis, and recurrence in OSCC. Elevated AJUBA levels indicated poor prognosis in patients with OSCC. Depletion of AJUBA impaired cell proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities of OSCC cells. Data from Western blot assays showed that AJUBA facilitated the expression of Snail but inhibited that of E-cadherin. Conclusions: AJUBA is overexpressed in OSCC and may influence cell proliferation and invasion in OSCC by modulating the Snail/E-cadherin pathway.

The expression and significance of MAPK8 gene in oral squamous cell carcinoma / 实用口腔医学杂志

Objective: To study the the expression and significance of MAPK8 gene in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) .Methods: 17 cases of oral normal tissues and 42 of OSCC tissues were collected. The relative expression of MAPK8 mRNA was detected by Real-Time PCR, the expression of MAPK8 protein was detected by immunohistochemical SP method. Results: Over expression of MAPK8 mRNA and protein was observed in OSCC (P ＜ 0. 05), the expression was correlated with the differentiation (P ＜ 0. 05) and clinical stage (P ＜ 0. 05) of the lesion, but not with the age (P＞ 0. 05) and gender (P＞ 0. 05) . Conclusion: MAPK8 gene may play an important role in the development of OSCC.

Changes of TGFβ/Smad signaling expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma after hyperthermia / 实用口腔医学杂志

Objective: To study the changes of TGFβ/Smad signaling expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) after hyperthermia. Methods: The expression of TGFβ, Smad2, 3, 4 and 7 in OSCC of tumor bearing nude mice were examined by quantitative real-time RT-PCR and Western blot respectively. Results: The mRNA expression of TGFβ, Smad2 and 3 was decreased significantly, and the mRNA levels of Smad7 was elevated in hyperthermia (HT) group (n = 10) (P ＜ 0. 05), but the mRNA expression of Smad4 did not change significantly compared with that of control group (n = 10) . The changes of protein expression of TGFβ, Smad7 and 4 were consistent with that of mRNA, the expression of Smad2 and 3 was not significantly different between the groups, but the expression of p Smad2 and p Smad3 decreased dramatically in HT group (P ＜ 0. 05) . Conclusion: TGFβ/Smad signaling exhibits important role in the antitumor effects of hyperthermia, and the inhibition of Smad7 on R-Smad phosphorylation may play a key role.

Detection of human papillomavirus types 16 and 18 in oral squamous cell carcinoma samples in Malaysia

@#Infection of the oral cavity with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) has been implicated as one of the risk factors for the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Among the high-risk HPV types, HPV 16 and 18 are the most common infective agents in oral cancers. This study aimed to compare the presence of high-risk HPV in genetic materials obtained from saliva, blood and tissues of OSCC patients in Malaysia. The genomic DNA was extracted from saliva (n=13), blood (n=59) and tissue (n=63) and subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of human beta globin gene to confirm the presence and integrity of DNA. Positive amplification was then screened for high-risk HPV by nested PCR using MY11/09 and GP5+/6+ consensus primers, followed by a further confirmation by DNA sequencing of the positive samples. As a result, two saliva samples (2/13; 15.4%) were found to harbour HPV 16 and one tissue sample (1/63; 1.6%) was shown to be positive for HPV 18. However, none of the blood samples were positive for high-risk HPV. Thus, HPV is more likely to be found in the saliva of OSCC patients as compared to blood and tissue samples. The detection of high-risk HPV in OSCC patients is useful in deciding how to manage the patient as HPV-associated OSCC has better prognosis.

Creating Awareness, On Door Teaching And Screening Of Rural People For Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders

Rural population in India consumes high amount of tobacco which causes oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD), if left unnoticed and untreated finally results in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Hence, the awareness of such lesions/conditions is important. The objective of the study is to create awareness among rural people about potentially malignant disorders and also to teach them how to conduct self examination of oral cavity so as to decrease the incidence of OSCC. Methods-A personal interview was done to analyse the people‘s knowledge regarding OPMD andOSCC. People were screened for all variety of lesions in their oral cavity, ush scrap smear test was also done when required. On door teaching of screening of their oral lesion was done in 8 step mechanism. Flash card with useful information was distributed to oaden their vision on OPMD and OSCC. Results- 24.33 % of individual had potentially malignant disorders and 2.71 % of individuals haddysplastic changes. Among the people with lesion only 15 % were aware of the lesion present in their oral cavity. 100 % individuals with any kind of oral lesion consumed tobacco in different forms. Among the individuals who consumed tobacco 14.28 % of individuals tried ceasing the habit. 98.65% individuals were interested in generating knowledge about OSCC. 100 % individual wanted regular dental camp to be scheduled in their village. Conclusion- This study highlights a need for education concerning the risk factors for oral lesions,its clinical manifestations and the impact of adverse habits on health in long term. This was observed that inspite of constrained factors like limited manpower, regular screening will result in early detection of cases leading to a greater survival and less radical treatment.

Luteolin Induces Apoptosis via Mitochondrial Pathway and Inhibits Invasion and Migration of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Suppressing Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Induced Transcription Factors

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common type of oral malignancy. Numerous therapies have been proposed for its cure. Research is continually being conducted to develop new forms of treatment as current therapies are associated with numerous side-effects. Luteolin, a common dietary flavonoid, has been demonstrated to possess strong anti-cancer activity against various human cancer cell lines. Nevertheless, research into luteolin-based anticancer activity against oral cancer remains scarce. Thus, the objective of this study was to assess the effect of luteolin as an anti-cancer agent. After treatment with luteolin, Ca9-22 and CAL-27 oral cancer cells showed condensed nuclei and enhanced apoptotic rate with evidence of mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. Epithelialmesenchymal transition (EMT) is closely related to tumor migration and invasion. Luteolin suppressed cancer cell invasion and migration in the current study. Elevated expression of E-cadherin, an adherens junction protein, was evident in both cell lines after luteolin treatment. Luteolin also significantly inhibited transcription factors (i.e., N-cadherin, Slug, Snail, Twist, and ZEB-1) that regulated expression of tumor suppressors such as E-cadherin based on Western blot analysis and quantitative PCR. Thus, luteolin could induce mitochondrial apoptosis and inhibit cancer cell invasion and migration by suppressing EMT-induced transcription factors.

Association of expression profiles of miRNA and mRNA in Chinese hamster buccal pouch squamous cell carcinoma / 中国实验动物学报

Objective To establish the expression profiles of differentially expressed miRNA and mRNA in oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC)and to investigate the roles of miRNA and mRNA associated with the occurrence and development of OSCC. Methods The expression profiles of miRNA and mRNA were constructed using a new generation of high-throughput sequencing techniques. The miRNA and mRNA associated with the occurrence and development of OSCC were predicted by Gene Ontology enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway analysis. Results We successfully constructed the differentially expressed miRNA and mRNA profiles of Chinese hamster buccal pouch squamous cell carcinoma. 11 known and 3 novel significantly differentially expressed miRNAs and 194 differentially expressed mRNAs were found. A miRNA can regulate multiple mRNAs, and multiple miRNAs can control one mRNA. Conclusions Differential expression of miRNA play a an important role in the carcinogenesis and development of OSCC through regulating mRNA and forming a complex regulatory network. It provides theoretical data for the occurrence,pathogenesis,clinical treatment and prognosis of OSCC.